In this episode, we explore the discovery of carbon dioxide on Europa’s surface by the James Webb Space Telescope, or JWST, and what it means for the habitability of its ocean. We explain how JWST used its advanced instruments to take images and spectra of Europa’s surface, and how it found carbon dioxide in a region called Chaos Terrain. We discuss the origin and distribution of the carbon dioxide on Europa’s surface, and how it likely came from the subsurface ocean of Europa, which is considered to be a potential habitat for life. We also explore the implications and significance of this discovery for the chemistry and dynamics of Europa’s ocean, and how it may inform future missions to Europa, such as NASA’s Europa Clipper. We also tell you how you can watch JWST in action and what is so special about it.