Iran International:

Leaked documents and media investigations pointed to a Berlin businesswoman allegedly running oil sales for Iran from her apartment, with links suggesting that proceeds may have reached Iran’s Ministry of Defense through a web of front companies operating in Asia.

According to leaked documents published by the exile platform Wiki-Iran and analyzed by German broadcaster ZDF, emails in the dataset of Sepehr Energy Jahan (SEJ) — an Iranian oil firm tied to the defense ministry — refer to a Berlin-based trading company, suggesting possible links to Iran’s sanctioned oil network.

The documents, which include contracts, customer lists and bank data, show how Iran moves sanctioned crude oil to China using shadow tankers and complex invoicing chains.

On August 28, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom — known as the European Troika — in response to Iran’s violation of its nuclear commitments, initiated the process of activating the snapback mechanism.

Ultimately, all United Nations sanctions against the Islamic Republic, which had been suspended under the framework of the JCPOA, were reimposed on September 28.

The oil trade is essential for Iran’s solvency, so Tehran conceals it at any cost, said Muyu Xu, an economic analyst in Singapore who studies sanctioned oil markets. Xu told ZDF middlemen typically use false names and altered paperwork so that they themselves would not be involved in the trade.

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